Auch in meinen NEWS vom 22. April 2011 wies ich auf die Bedeutung des jüdischen Pessachfestes und den inzwischen berühmt gewordenen Text von Josef Weiss aus Flamersheim hin. Die Angehörigen des charismatischen Judenältesten von Bergen-Belsen hatten mir den handgeschriebenen Text „Seder 1945“ zur Verfügung gestellt, den ich 1983 in meinem Buch Judaica - Juden in der Voreifel (S. 441/42) publizierte. Seitdem wurde er nicht nur in mehrere Sprachen übersetzt, sondern zählt inzwischen auch als Lesung zum Bestandteil vieler Sederfeiern. In meinem Online-Artikel Jupp Weiss aus Flamersheim, der Judenälteste von Bergen-Belsen ist er ebenfalls enthalten.
Nach dem gregorianischen Kalender feiern die Juden das Pessachfest in der Zeit vom 7. bis zum 14. April 2012. Der Sederabend ist somit am 6. April. Aufgrund dieses Anlasses veröffentliche ich hiermit die englisch-amerikanische Übersetzung des o.a. Textes. Eine diesbezügliche Einleitung findet sich in meinem Beitrag: Seder 1945 in the KZ Bergen-Belsen: The Jewish Elder Joseph („Jupp“) Weiss and the Children of the „Kinderhaus“ Für die folgende Übersetzung danke ich Herrn Prof. Dr. Gerald Weiss, dem in den USA lebenden Neffen des letzten Judenältesten:
Seder 1945 in the “Children's House” of the KZ Bergen-Belsen
From a July 1945 letter by Josef (“Jupp”) Weiss in Holland
to his family in America, England, and Palestine
Translated by Gerald Weiss
“Tonight you have to give a talk in every barracks,” my wife reminded me when I greeted her in the morning in her barracks. “What can I possibly say?” I replied. “Eighty percent of the people are ill: spotted typhus, general exhaustion. We are quarantined.
There is hardly any bread left; for 10 days we have received at most one fifth of the rations to which we are entitled. Butter and bread spread don’t exist for us.”
“As you know, I have spoken on every previous Yom Tov [holiday]. We organized small meetings in each barrack. Think of our Hanukkah and Purim children’s parties, so uplifting for young and old alike. Or Hanukkah eve when we lit candles imultaneously
in every barracks, including the infirmary and the old people’s and children’s barracks. This wasn’t just for the religious people, all Jews took part, not a negligible achievement in one of the vilest German camps. It is a sign of the strength and will to survive of Jews from 45 countries who are pressed into these barracks under inhuman conditions.”
“But to speak today, when I am required to recite ‘All who are hungry, come and eat with us?’ No, Erna, that is too difficult for me. I am only human. I shall have to confess to them that we have no more supplies, not even for the most sick and debilitated. And as it looks now, we cannot expect any new food deliveries for the time being.”
“But that is exactly why you have to speak. The Haggadah verse you just cited will have to be the keynote for your talk,” answered my wife in her customary quiet and persuasive manner.
We had been invited to participate in the Seder in the children’s barrack. In the evening, I visited all the barracks in our section (Bergen-Belsen was divided into nine sections, isolated from each other by barbed wire), and what I said went something like this: “It is true that it is a paradox to recite the Haggadah verse ‘Come eat with us’ when the opposite is the case here. We all are hungry. We in the leadership cannot get anything for you; our food situation looks hopeless. I cannot give you bread, all I have is words to persuade you to have courage. Hold out five minutes longer. These are the last five minutes, we can feel it, even though we have no newspapers or radio. We are among the very few European Jews who might possibly survive extermination. We must stick it out because we have an obligation to take part in the rebuilding of the Jewish people. We have seen many nations perish, and the Jewish people has outlived them all. Even after this war, with all our personal sacrifices, the sun will shine for us again.”
“At first I was scared to tell you this tonight. But, on entering your barrack, I saw candles burning on the few available tables, on the bunks, in the aisles, and small groups conducting a Seder. Speaking then became easy for me, because I can tell that you feel
the same way.”
At the end of my speech the listeners responded with a loud “Omeyn” from the Ashkenasim and “Amen” from the Sephardim, in every one of the barracks. After ten such speeches I arrived at the children’s barracks where they had been waiting for me before starting the Seder. Here everything was a complete surprise, and as I write these lines today I am filled with pride at what Jewish adults were able to do for Jewish children despite all the humiliation and suffering.
There was a marvelously set table. Seating was provided on benches for two sides and on the lowest bunk of triple-deckers for the other two. A few adult guests were present, among them the widow and children of one of the Dutch Chief Rabbis who had died a few days earlier, and the children of the other Dutch Chief Rabbi who, with his wife, had died of hunger edema at about the same time. Some 30 children dressed in their “best” camp clothes sat beaming around the table. Father Birnbaum conducted the traditional Seder, including all the explanations and answers to the children’s questions. The Seder plate was as prescribed, although with Ersatz [imitation] ingredients.
After the first part of the Seder came a marvelous meal, with various dishes which surprised children and adults alike. They were the artistic creation of Mother Birnbaum who together with her daughters took charge of the guests’ bodily welfare. Wine in Ersatz form was served as well.
Our principal food in our 15 months at Bergen-Belsen had been beets and turnips, but only once did I appreciate the value of the turnip, namely that evening: the Seder plate, the meal with its various dishes, and the “wine” (i.e., juice) were 90% turnip derived,
created by Mother Birnbaum’s artistic hands.
The second part of the Seder was as solemn as the first. The Passover hymns were chanted by the children. Never had I heard them sung more beautifully than by these young voices. At the conclusion we all joined in the Leshanah Haba’ah Birushalayim
[Next Year in Jerusalem].
We left the children’s barracks deeply moved and returned to the “real world.” I walked my wife and son back to their respective barracks. Then I went to the office in order to compile with my colleagues the usual daily mortality list, by name, for the entire KZ [concentration camp]. Today there were 596 dead, approximately 500 of them Jews...
Twelve days later we were placed on a transport destined for Theresienstadt. After a
thirteen day meandering voyage of deprivation and torment, we were liberated by Soviet
[Russian] troops. They put us up in the village of Tröbitz, near Luckau, in the Frankfurton-the-Oder district.
Fourteen days later, one day before the end of hostilities, on May 6, 1945, my dear wife
died of spotted typhus. She was allowed to experience freedom for a few hours. But her
dearest wishes (and mine), to be reunited with her older son who as a halutz [pioneer]
went into hiding in Holland, and the Leshanah Haba’ah Birushalayim, were both denied
to her.